The days when international students flooded into the UK to study at its world-renowned universities may not be over, but the dynamics are rapidly changing.

According to statistics published last week, the number of people studying overseas for a complete British ÖйúAƬ qualification rose by 23 per cent last year and now equates to one-sixth of all students taking UK awards.

Such courses are typically cheaper than those delivered in the UK and allow students to stay closer to home while avoiding the UK's visa regime.

According to the figures released by the ÖйúAƬ Statistics Agency, 503,795 students at British institutions "studied wholly overseas" in 2010-11, up sharply from 408,685 in 2009-10 and 388,135 in 2008-09.

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The separate figure for total enrolments in the UK was 2.5 million in 2010-11, meaning that those studying wholly overseas equated to about one in six of all students.

Students in this category - also known as "transnational education" (TNE) - include those registered at overseas branch campuses run by British universities, people studying for UK university awards at overseas institutions, and those engaged in distance learning.

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Possible drivers for the growth in 2010-11 include the new visa regime for non-European Union students seeking to enter the UK introduced by the Labour government, plus increasing demand for ÖйúAƬ among Asia's expanding middle classes.

Hesa advises universities not to include in the "wholly overseas" category those students studying on overseas courses validated by a UK institution - the process that led to the scandals involving the University of Wales.

However, the figures still prompted calls for UK universities to maintain quality for students studying wholly overseas.

Joanna Newman, director of the UK ÖйúAƬ International Unit, said the increase "demonstrates the benefits to UK institutions in a wide range of activities".

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She added: "There are risks to engaging internationally, but universities are developing their international strategies to ensure relevant standards are maintained."

TNE "enables international students to gain a UK education, but it is also an opportunity to enhance outward student mobility by providing UK and EU students with international experience in another country as an integral part of their course", she said.

Hesa could not provide figures on how many UK-domiciled students were in the wholly overseas category.

While Hesa has not yet supplied a breakdown of UK TNE growth by country in 2010-11, Dr Newman said that the 2009-10 figures show that the biggest growth areas that year were Malaysia, Hong Kong and Nigeria.

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Branch campuses accounted for a small proportion of students studying wholly overseas: 12,315 in 2010-11, up from 11,410 in 2009-10.

The bulk of the UK TNE students were in Hesa's "registered at overseas partner organisation - studying overseas for an award of the reporting [UK] institution" group. It had 291,595 students, up from 207,805 the previous year - a 40 per cent rise.

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john.morgan@tsleducation.com.